Female anatomy

Female anatomy

The female’s genital organs are divided into the outside and the inside.

External genitalia

consist of the pubis, labia majora, labia minora, vaginal precursor and clitoris.

Pubis or Mount Venus

is called the triangular conceit of the skin located in front of the pubic symphysis. It has rich subcutaneous tissue and is covered by hair growth during the teenage period.

Labia majora

are two smooth dermal folds that form the vulvar cleft, continuing inwards from the labia minora. In front they are joined to the pubis while backwards they are driven into the seam of the perineum. They show hair growth with sebaceous and sweat glands.

Labia minora

these are two skin folds inside the labia majora, which in front are joined surrounding the clitoris while behind contribute to the formation of the perineum.

The Prodromos

is the space between the clitoris and the inner labia, in front of the hymen. In front flows the orifice of the urethra, while behind the orifice of the vagina which is protected by a thin membrane in women who have not yet had sexual intercourse and is called the hymen Virgo. On the side of the antecedent, the pores of many glands do not appear to be visible to the naked eye. These are the paraurethral glands or glands of the Skene and the Bartholomew glands, which have as their property to produce mucus and lubricate the area during intercourse, thus facilitating penetration.

Clitoris

is a woman’s erectile organ, equivalent to the male penis. It is located in the anterior part of the pronomum and consists of the body and glans. When sexual arousal is present, swelling of the clitoris, humidification of the vaginal walls, and mucus secretion from the Bartholomew glands are induced.

Medial Genital System

The woman’s medial genital system consists of the vagina, cervix, uterine body, fallopian tubes and ovaries.

Vagina

or coleus is an elastic muscle tube, connecting the vulva to the uterus. It is 7.5-9 cm long. and 4 cm wide. approximately, however, with great potential for stretching, during sexual intercourse and especially during childbirth. Internally the vagina is in contact in front, with the pubic symphysis, the urethra and the bladder while behind with the ductal space, the rectum and the sacrum. The normal flora of the vagina consists of colpobacteria, necessary to maintain the acidic environment of the vagina. Under the influence of estrogen, glycogen accumulates in the vaginal cells and is converted into lactic acid by the colpobacteria. This keeps the environment acidic, protecting it from other pathogenic microorganisms.

The cervix

is a cylindrical structure that acts as a passage between the endometrial cavity and the vagina. The lower part of the cervix is located inside the vagina and it is this part that the gynecologist examines when performing a colposcopy and taking the Pap test.

Uterus

The uterus includes the cervix and the body of the uterus. In reproductive age, the body is much larger than the cervix while in preadolescent and postmenopausal age they are similar in size. However, the size of the uterus can vary a lot, depending on the hormonal levels in the blood, whether the woman is multifaceted or if there is a pathology (fibroids, adenomyosis).

Body of the uterus

The body of the uterus, has a triangular inverted shape. The upper part is called the bottom while the lower, Isthmus or lower part. The uterus consists of three layers:

• the endometrium, which is the inner lining of the endometrial cavity, consists of glandular epithelial cells. These are the cells that are excreted every month and give menstruation to the woman depending on hormonal fluctuations.
• The myometrium, which is the thickest layer of the uterus. It consists of smooth muscle fibers.
  The peritoneum, which is the outer thin layer of the uterus.
• The ligaments that hold in place the uterus and in general the internal genital organs of the woman are the utero-sacral ligaments, the transverse ligaments, the round ligaments and the broad ligament which is essentially a folding of the peritoneum, which contains the uterus.

Adnexa

are the two fallopian tubes and the two ovaries.

The fallopian tubes

The fallopian tubes are two tubular formations that are attached to the body of the uterus on either side and in some way are a continuation of the uterus since through them the fertilized egg will pass to and end up in the uterus. Each fallopian tube is anatomically divided into 4 sections: the endometrium, the Isthmus, the lekythus and the bell. The caudate ends in endings called cilia and is in contact with the ovary. Cilia are the ones that facilitate the transfer of the egg from the ovary to the fallopian tube after ovulation.

Ovaries

The ovaries are located obliquely and posterior to the uterus, internally to the pelvis. The supporting tissues of the ovaries are the same ligament, which joins the ovary to the uterus, and the hanging ligament, through which the ovarian vessels pass, and which joins the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall. The ovary consists of an outer cortex, where the follicles are present, and an inner medulla of connective tissue and trophophore vessels.

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