Primary vaginal cancer accounts for approximately 3% of all gynecological cancers. About 1 in 100,000 women are diagnosed with vaginal cancer, with an average age of 60.
Most cases of vaginal cancer, like cervical cancer, are related to infection with human papillomavirus, i.e. high risk HPV (strains 16 or 18 or others). Consequently, vaginal cancer has the same risk factors as cervical cancer: multiple sexual partners, early puberty, smoking, etc.
Women with a history of cervical or endometrial cancer should be particularly monitored, since a possible recurrence may occur in the vaginal area and not be a primary vaginal cancer.
Vaginal bleeding is the most common symptom, while many women are asymptomatic and the diagnosis is made incidentally after a routine gynecological examination. Also, a growth in the vaginal area or at the entrance to the vagina can lead the woman to the gynecologist.
The diagnosis is made by taking a biopsy in the suspicious area and if confirmed, then a complementary imaging test (MRI, CT scan, pet scan) is performed.
Treatment as always is individualized according to the location, stage, age and general condition of the patient. In the early stages, surgical excision of the lesion is generally preferred while radiation therapy is preferred in more advanced stages with good results.
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